emerson ewd 7003 manual

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emerson ewd 7003 manualConnecting to an amplifier equipped with digital input jacks such as MD Deck or Dat Deck. Playing a DVD using incorrect settings may generate noise dis- Connect the audio and video outputs of the DVD player to the audio and video inputs on the RF Modulator, and then connect the coaxial output of the RF Modulator (usually marked “TO TV”) to the 75 ohm coaxial antenna terminal on your TV. Follow the instruction supplied with the RF Modulator for more details. If your TV’s 75 ohm coaxial antenna terminal is already occupied by an antenna or cable box connection, remove that cable from your TV’s antenna terminal and reconnect it to the coaxial antenna input terminal of the RF Modulator (usually marked “ANT IN”), then con- nect the RF modulator to your TV’s antenna terminal as described above. By hooking the player up to a Dolby Digital decoder, you can enjoy a more convincing, realistic ambience with powerful and high-quality surround sound of a professional standard such as can be heard in movie theaters. Use an audio coaxial digital cables (not included) for the audio connections. Please do not offer the downloaded file for sell only use it for personal usage. Looking for other manual? For this no need registration. May be help you to repair. You could suffer a fatal electrical shock. Instead, contact your nearest service center. Note! To open downloaded files you need acrobat reader or similar pdf reader program. In addition, Also some files are djvu so you need djvu viewer to open them. These free programs can be found on this page: needed progs If you use opera you have to disable opera turbo function to download file. If you cannot download this file, try it with CHROME or FIREFOX browser. Translate this page: Relevant VIDEO-DVD forum topics: JVC HRV 500E2 gyerekzarban van Sziasztok. Gyerekzarban van es termeszetesen nincs tav hozza. Esetleg nincs-e elado tavja valakinek, vagy legalabb kolcson a felodashoz.http://www.dianacb.cz/userfiles/design-manual-for-roads-and-bridges-pdf.xml

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Van itt egy LG video aminek NINCS meg a taviranyitoja, a displayen azt irja hogy: SAFE. Annyit talaltam rola hogy ez a gyerekzar, eepromot nem talaltam hozza, ures eeprommal meg se nyikkan. Valamilyen elolapi gombkombinacioval ki lehet-e kapcsolni a gyerekzarat. RVP400RB Orion lejatszo Lejatszaskor nincs hang,az audio kimeneten nincs jel. Service manual kellene. Udv SzGY. Daewoo T857K Sziasztok! Van nekem egy Daewoo T857K tipusu 6 fejes nem tul regi videom! Barmilyen kazettat teszek bele mindig csak Err. Nincs meg valakinek a szerviz manualja ehhez a videohoz? Koszonettel es udvozlettel: lizakl Similar manuals: You can write in English language into the forum (not only in Hungarian). Please check your inbox, and if you can’t find it, check your spam folder to make sure it didn't end up there. Please also check your spam folder. Please enable Javascript to view PeerJ.And even conduct your very own froggy digital dissection. Well you totally can! And even conduct your very own froggy digital dissection. Well you totally can! For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. CT) PeerJ 7: e7003 By generating 3D digital models, anatomical analyses can be conducted non-destructively, preserving the in situ 3D topography of the system, therefore eliminating some of the drawbacks associated with traditional methods. We aim to describe the musculature of the spine, pelvis, and hindlimb, compare the musculoskeletal anatomy and pelvic morphology of P. maculatus with functionally diverse frogs, and produce 3D digital anatomy reference data. Scan images were reconstructed, resampled, and digitally segmented to produce a 3D model. A further adult female frog was dissected traditionally for visualisation of tendinous insertions. Nonetheless, the anatomical data presented here marks the first detailed digital description of an arboreal and terrestrial frog. Further, our digital model presents P.http://www.incibit.eu/userfiles/design-manual-for-roads-and-bridges-volume-5.xml maculatus as a good frog model system and as such has formed a crucial platform for further functional analysis within the anuran pelvis and hindlimb. One particular region of interest in anurans is the morphological variation in the sacrum and pelvis, thought to play a large role in the locomotor versatility observed across anuran taxa ( Emerson, 1979 ). Three distinct morphotypes were defined by Emerson, Type I, Type IIA, and Type IIB, differing in muscle origin, insertion, and size, shape of sacral diapophysis, and the nature of the ligamentous attachments. With muscular hindlimbs, this species forages in the savannah, long grass, and bushland terrestrially ( Bwong et al., 2017 ) while also escaping into the trees, climbing and jumping arboreally, making use of their well-developed toepads ( Loveridge, 1976 ). Given their proclivity to walking, running, and climbing, we predict this species possesses a Type IIA pelvic morphotype. While Xenopus is regularly used as a model species, they are fully aquatic and specialised swimmers. By combining virtual techniques with traditional dissection we aim to: (1) describe the locomotor and postural musculature of the spine, pelvis, and hindlimb, (2) contextualise and compare the pelvic morphotype and musculoskeletal anatomy of P. maculatus with other functionally diverse frogs, and (3) contribute to the growing collection of 3D digital anatomy data for further use in research and education (See Data S1 ). CT scanning. The wound in the chest was closed using non-absorbable braided silk suture (6-0) to limit internal exposure to fixative and staining solution therefore avoiding over-staining. The frog (whole and un-skinned) was fixed in 10 neutral buffered formalin (NBF) (HT501128, Sigma Aldrich) for 29 hours, at room temperature, in a darkened environment.https://skazkina.com/ru/boss-gx-700-owners-manual Following the fixation process, any remaining fixative was removed by transferring the specimen in to a PBS solution where it was left soaking overnight, at room temperature. To enhance soft tissue contrast for imaging, predominantly of the muscular anatomy, the frog was stained using an aqueous Lugol’s solution (L6146, Sigma Aldrich, a.k.a. iodine potassium iodide, I 2 KI). To avoid over staining, test scans were performed at regular intervals throughout the staining process. After each test scan the specimen was re-introduced to the stain. Depending on the results of the scan, various recommendations were applied to increase stain perfusion, including skinning the specimen (conducted after 3 days), increasing the stain concentration (conducted after 16.5 days), and injecting stain into body (conducted after 31.5 days) (see Table 1 ). The frog was placed in 70 pure ethanol (02877; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for preservation during transport to and from the scanner. The specimen was wrapped in cellophane and taped down for each scan to prevent drying out or movement during imaging.Both the magic wand and paintbrush tools of the segmentation editor function tab were used to assign voxel selections as either bone or muscle material. Voxel assignment was made on the basis of greyscale value, those of the lightest colour denoted bone or muscle, whereas black voxels denoted air space. Due to limitations of the technique (see Discussion), author’s discretion and anatomical expertise were required for selection and assignment of voxels at the boundary between two materials. Every individual bone and muscle between the 4th vertebra and the distal digits of the hindlimbs were assigned as a separate material. Each material surface mesh was exported individually as an STL file. Using the software 3-Matic (Materialise Inc.https://www.indianantique.com/images/98-eclipse-manual-transmission-fill-plug.pdf, Leuven, Belgium), the individually exported meshes corresponding to the bones of the spine, pelvis, hindlimb, and foot, as well as the individual muscles of the left side (spanning from the spine to the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint) were combined to create a 3D model of P. maculatus ( Fig. 2D ). Additionally, viewable as a 3D PDF, the digital model presents all skeletal material and all muscles of the left side, totalling 17 bones and 41 muscles ( Data S1, see Article S1 for 3D PDF user guide). The individual metatarsals and phalangeal foot bones are grouped together and referred to as the metatarsals and digits, respectively. Scale bar in white 1 cm. Scale bars in white, all 1 cm. This animal had been previously euthanised using the methods described above, and fixed in 10 NBF (HT501128, Sigma Aldrich) for ?24 hours. Each muscle of the spine, pelvis, and hindlimb (left side only) was identified, described, and removed in its entirety.We have grouped muscles as per their anatomical region i.e., the back and pelvis, thigh, shank, tarsals and foot. A summary of the detailed gross anatomy findings, including origins, insertions, and notable features are presented in Table 2.Fleshy attachments. Fleshy attachments. The ventral head passes through the adductor magnus muscle belly. Shares fleshy origin with, and inserts slightly proximal to, obturator externus. Wraps around the femur almost entirely enveloping the distal third of it. See Table 2 for muscle abbreviations. For the interactive 3D PDF, see Supplemental Information. Scale bar in black 1 cm. See Table 2 for muscle abbreviations. Scale bar in black 1 cm. See Supplemental Information for the interactive 3D PDF. Scale bar in black 1 cm. The black dashed lines in (A) depict the external borders of the left IL muscle, note the posterior split. Scale bars are shown in white, all of which are 1 cm. See Table 2 for muscle abbreviations. The small muscles of the hip joint were deeper still. The IFM muscle was positioned lateral and ventral to II, whereas PEC (a thin muscle with a twisted belly as seen in Fig. 8E ) and QF were positioned medial and ventral to II ( Fig. 5 ). Deep to OE, the OI muscle covered the whole lateral portion of the pelvic rim, cupping the hip joint ( Fig. 5A ). The QF and GE muscles interacted closely with each other, forming a fleshy connection between the posterior rim of the pelvis and the proximal femur ( Figs. 5A and 5C ). The red arrows highlight the shared tendinous insertion of the dorsal and ventral heads of the ST muscle in (A), the insertion of STv into the AM muscle belly in (B), the two portions of the AM muscle in (C), the hiatus between the two AM muscle belly portions (through which the ventral tendon of semitendinosus passes) in (D), the tendinous insertion of TiAL (head 2) in (F), and the multiple tendons of the EBS muscle in (I). A yellow arrow highlights the tendinous origin of the EDCL in (I). See Table 2 for muscle abbreviations. Deeper dissection revealed the TiP, ECB, and the TiAB. The TiP was positioned deep to PL and covered the distal two thirds of the posterior surface of the tibiofibula.Superficially, the TaA, EDCL, and ABD and P made up the anterior muscle mass of the tarsals, while the posterior muscle mass consisted of the FDBS and PP muscles ( Figs. 3A and 3C; 4C; 5A and 5C ).Scale bars are shown in white, all of which are 1 cm. See Table 2 for muscle abbreviations. Additionally, the sacro-iliac joint of P. maculatus allowed the ilia to slide anterioposterially, rotate laterally, and rotate dorsoventrally, whereas the sacro-urostylic joint was bicondylar and relatively inflexible (tested via manual manipulation). Articular ligament shaded purple. The digital dissection conducted here allowed accurate visualisation of muscular anatomy of this species as never seen before. Furthermore, the 3D PDF ( Data S1, see Article S1 for 3D PDF user guide), allows readers to perform a non-destructive and repeatable digital dissection of this species for themselves. The most variable regions were the spine and pelvis, and the tarsals and proximal foot. Whereas there were fewer examples of anatomical variation in the thigh, and the shank appeared uniform across species. While the LD in P. maculatus inserted approximately half way down the urostyle, its insertion site in other species ranges from the anterior portion, as in Pelophylax kl.In contrast, A. truei and Leiopelma hochstetteri possess a caudopuboischiotibialis (the ancestral trait) not present in any of the other species studied by Dunlap (1960) or indeed P. maculatus. Finally, the IE muscle of P. maculatus was narrow and cylindrical, similar to Rhaebo guttatus. In other species the IE appears broader and more fan-shaped ( Prikryl et al., 2009 ), whereas A. truei and L. hochstetteri it is fused with the II muscle ( Dunlap, 1960 ). Like most other species, P. maculatus had two distinct heads of the TiAL muscle, which were of roughly equal size. Dunlap (1960) reported variation in the proportions of the two heads, and the position at which the muscle bellies of TiAL diverge. The TaP muscle of P. maculatus is similar to that of other Ranids but is smaller than seen in A. truei and L. hochstetteri ( Dunlap, 1960 ). The EBS muscle splits into multiple heads in all species however the digit upon which the middle head of this muscle inserts is variable among species ( Dunlap, 1960 ). As in the other areas of the hindlimb, the highly specialised aquatic species, such as P. pipa and X. laevis, lacked muscles which were present in P. maculatus, such as the EBS, AP, and TPP and D. Additionally, while in P. maculatus, the PP remains separate from FDBS, in A. truei and L. hochstetteri these two muscles are fused ( Dunlap, 1960 ). However, IE morphology of P. maculatus differs from other jumpers (e.g., Ranids) owing to its cylindrical shape (see above).As stated above, the thigh region appears more conserved compared with the pelvis and distal hindlimb among species, including P. maculatus. Despite conservation of thigh muscular traits among modern taxa, A. truei and L. hochstetteri (representing “primitive” taxa) exhibit fused musculature (see above). Perhaps separate versus fused muscles allows for a greater variation in muscle moment arms, thus increasing the functional workspace of the limb hence enhancing the limb’s ability to perform multiple tasks. Consequently, analyses that treat all muscles independently might overlook synergistic effects of small changes in one muscle with respect to other muscles.If the partitions of the SM and GR were found to have separate innervation, we propose a potential mechanical function as follows. Both the SM and GR muscles span from the pelvis to the knee and insert into the aponeurosis covering the knee. The SM in particular has been recorded to function both as a femur retractor and a knee flexor and, while it does not act on the knee joint, GR is also dual functional, acting to either retract or adduct the femur ( Prikryl et al., 2009 ). We speculate a separation could act to partition the portions of muscle designated for each role, allowing the animals to fine tune hindlimb motion. Subsequently, modelling analyses could be performed to assess the biomechanical impact of intramuscular separation. Pelvic dissection revealed that P. maculatus ’s anatomy was consistent with the Type IIA morphotype defined by Emerson (1979). The sacrum was dorsoventrally flattened as opposed to the cylindrical sacral shape of Type IIB jumping species, yet lacked the extreme laterally flared diapophyseal expansion and broad ligamentous cuff of the Type I pelvis, as seen in aquatic, swimming species such as P. pipa ( Emerson, 1979; Emerson, 1982; Prikryl et al., 2009 ). Perhaps the typical Type IIA morphotype features are less prominent in P. maculatus because of its more arboreal ecology and use of both walking and jumping behaviour (as opposed to hopping). They also categorised this family as walkers, hoppers, and arboreal jumpers. P. maculatus is therefore consistent with their description of hyperoliid frogs. Furthermore, manual manipulation of the ilio-sacral joint prior to and following muscle dissection suggested a capacity for lateral rotation, some anteroposterior sliding, and sagittal bending. Those species that use multiple locomotor behaviours possess a subtle blend of pelvic characteristics.Here, we skinned the specimen in order to assist with stain perfusion however a lack of published methodologies for amphibian staining means we cannot comment on how effective removal of the skin was for this purpose. On the other hand, poor soft tissue contrast can also result from overstaining. Furthermore, a fine balance needs to be struck in order to avoid distortion of the sample due to extreme tissue shrinkage. Contrast enhanced staining is therefore a time consuming process and despite us using low concentrations of Lugol’s solution here to avoid it, shrinkage of the muscle tissue was observed in our frog.Important structures such as the knee aponeurosis, muscle tendons, or plantar fasciae were therefore indistinguishable in the scan data and excluded from the 3D PDF. Descamps et al. (2014) demonstrate that phosphotungstic acid (PTA) has a preference for binding to collagen and connective tissues whereas phosphomolybdenic acid (PMA) provides good contrast for the visualisation of cartilage using CT. When using any chemicals health and safety precautions must be adhered to, not all laboratory spaces are suitable to conduct the aforementioned procedures. Consequently, studies such as this assume low intra-species variation. The final 3D model is therefore best defined as a 3D representation of the anatomy of an example specimen. With further use in a wider range of taxa, the protocols are likely to improve and become more standardised as a wider knowledge base for troubleshooting is generated. Even though this is one of the earliest uses of the technique in anurans, the results obtained in this study were remarkable and facilitated a deeper understanding of the gross anatomy of P. maculatus. Furthermore, our musculoskeletal model can be applied to questions regarding evolutionary adaptations.Traditional and digital dissection revealed that the musculoskeletal anatomy of P. maculatus is comparable to other derived species and, as predicted, their pelvic morphology is consistent with the Type IIA morphotype associated with walking and hopping. However, we found this technique still needs to be combined with traditional dissection in order to observe tendinous attachment points. Nonetheless, the anatomical data presented here act as an excellent educational resource and form a crucial platform for further functional analysis within the anuran pelvis and hindlimb. Both the digital and traditional dissections performed are critical for the creation of an anatomically accurate musculoskeletal models that could be used to perform moment arm analyses. Future work will use such models to investigate muscle function during both walking and jumping locomotion in P. maculatus. Dr Chris Basu provided valuable comments on draft versions and Dr Zoe Davies contributed interesting discussion of muscle anatomy. Dr James Charles, along with Dr Sandy Kawano, further assisted in the creation of the 3D PDF. Thank you to all reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 399 - 410 Journal of Zoology 303 ( 3 ): 178 - 187 Journal of Morphology 211: 147 - 163 Journal of Experimental Biology 217: 4372 - 4378 Journal of Anatomy 223: 46 - 60 Anatomischer Anzeiger 130: 222 - 227 Journal of Neurophysiology 48: 192 - 201 PeerJ 3: e3039 Journal of East African Natural History 106: 19 - 46 PLOS ONE 11 ( 4 ): e0147669 Journal of Anatomy 229: 514 - 535 Journal of the Royal Society Interface 10: 20130236 Anatomical Record 294: 915 - 928 Belgian Journal of Zoology 144: 20 - 40 New York: McGraw-Hill. Journal of Morphology 106: 1 - 76 BMC Biology 11: 1 Oxford: Clarendon Press. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 11: 153 - 168 Copeia 3: 603 - 613 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. Journal of Morphology 166: 129 - 144 Evolutionary Biology 41: 308 - 326 Oxford: The Clarendon Press. Zoology 126: 172 - 184 Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 322: 166 - 176 Journal of Anatomy 228: 889 - 909 Journal of Anatomy 226: 229 - 235 PLOS ONE 8 ( 6 ): e62806 Journal of Biomechanics 44: 189 - 192 Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 929 - 943 Journal of Experimental Biology 205: 1683 - 1702 Journal of Experimental Biology 205: 1987 - 2004 Royal Society Open Science 2: 150333 Classical papers in movement science. Champaign: Human Kinetics. 289 - 316 Journal of Anatomy 224: 412 - 431 American Journal of Physiology 20: 1 - 60 Zoologica Africana 11: 319 - 333 BMC Physiology 9: 11 Developmental Dynamics 238: 632 - 640 Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280: 2013 - 2156 Journal of Experimental Biology 220: 1882 - 1893 Journal of Anatomy 231: 169 - 191 Journal of Anatomy 214: 100 - 139 Journal of Morphology 272: 149 - 168 Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A 329: 87 - 98 Biology Letters 14: 20180367 Journal of Experimental Biology 206: 2567 - 2580 Journal of Morphology 278: 403 - 417 Journal of Anatomy 223 ( 2 ): 185 - 193 The Anatomical Record: Part A 288 ( 1 ): 46 - 57 Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2: e26078. By generating 3D digital models, anatomical analyses can be conducted non-destructively, preserving the in situ 3D topography of the system, therefore eliminating some of the drawbacks associated with traditional methods. We aim to describe the musculature of the spine, pelvis, and hindlimb, compare the musculoskeletal anatomy and pelvic morphology of P. maculatus with functionally diverse frogs, and produce 3D digital anatomy reference data. Scan images were reconstructed, resampled, and digitally segmented to produce a 3D model. A further adult female frog was dissected traditionally for visualisation of tendinous insertions. Nonetheless, the anatomical data presented here marks the first detailed digital description of an arboreal and terrestrial frog. Further, our digital model presents P. maculatus as a good frog model system and as such has formed a crucial platform for further functional analysis within the anuran pelvis and hindlimb. One particular region of interest in anurans is the morphological variation in the sacrum and pelvis, thought to play a large role in the locomotor versatility observed across anuran taxa ( Emerson, 1979 ). By combining virtual techniques with traditional dissection we aim to: (1) describe the locomotor and postural musculature of the spine, pelvis, and hindlimb, (2) contextualise and compare the pelvic morphotype and musculoskeletal anatomy of P. maculatus with other functionally diverse frogs, and (3) contribute to the growing collection of 3D digital anatomy data for further use in research and education (See Data S1 ). The specimen was wrapped in cellophane and taped down for each scan to prevent drying out or movement during imaging. The staining regime used was continuous therefore cumulative stain duration refers to the number of days the specimen was exposed to the staining solution in total whereas stain duration details the duration of exposure to the stain in that particular test round. Created using N-Recon and CT-vox software. (A) Ventral, (B) lateral, and (C) dorsal view. Scale bar in white 1 cm. Both the magic wand and paintbrush tools of the segmentation editor function tab were used to assign voxel selections as either bone or muscle material. The individual metatarsals and phalangeal foot bones are grouped together and referred to as the metatarsals and digits, respectively. Scale bars in white, all 1 cm. Each muscle of the spine, pelvis, and hindlimb (left side only) was identified, described, and removed in its entirety. We have grouped muscles as per their anatomical region i.e., the back and pelvis, thigh, shank, tarsals and foot. A summary of the detailed gross anatomy findings, including origins, insertions, and notable features are presented in Table 2. Table 2 Summary table of gross anatomy of all of the axial, pelvic, and hindlimb muscles analysed from Phlyctimantis maculatus. Muscle (Abbreviation) Origin Insertion Notable features Longissimus dorsi (LD) Anterior spine and base of skull (atlas and occipital bone) and vertebrae Along the anterior half of the urostyle Long muscles, consisting of multiple segments, unified by thin septa, which each originate from individual vertebrae via fleshy connections. Iliolumbaris (IL) Pre-sacral vertebrae Medially: sacral diapophysis Laterally: sacroiliac joint and anterior iliac shaft Coccygeosacralis (CS) Dorsal sacral diapophysis and proximal urostyle Urostyle Roughly triangular in shape and fill the space between the ilia and urostyle. Fleshy attachments. Coccygeoiliacus (CI) Sacral diapophysis and medial, anterior iliac shaft Medial surface of urostyle Pyriformis (PY) Posterior urostyle Proximal femur Present as a small slip of muscle. Iliacus externus (IE) Lateral surface of iliac shaft Proximal femur Narrow and cylindrical muscle with large fleshy origin and tendinous insertion. Iliacus internus (II) Medial surface of the ilium Proximal femur Wraps ventrally around the ilia from origin to insertion. Fleshy attachments. Tensor Fascia Latte (TFL) Lateral Ilium Cruralis muscle Small slip of muscle with soft tissue insertion. Cruralis (CR) Ventral border of the ilium Knee aponeurosis of anterior surface of the knee joint Large muscle forming the knee aponeurosis distally. Gracilis major (GR major) Ischium Knee aponeurosis medially Large fleshy muscle separated roughly in half by a connective tissue septum. Gracilis minor (GR minor) Small thin belly that runs along the lateral side of the major belly. Semimembranosus (SM) Dorsal rim of ischium and ilium Knee aponeurosis laterally and ventrally Large fleshy muscle separated roughly in half by a connective tissue septum. Iliofibularis (IFB) Ilium Knee aponeurosis laterally Narrow and cylindrical. Iliofemoralis (IFM) Ventral border of the ilium Femur approximately mid-shaft proximo-distally Narrow and cylindrical. Sartorius (SA) Ventral border of the ischium Knee aponeurosis medially Long strap muscle. Adductor longus (AL) Ventral border of the ischium Knee aponeurosis medially Present as a long strap muscle. Semitendinosus dorsal head (STd) Posterior ventral border of the ischium Tibiofibula ventrally Two heads with tendinous origins that share a common tendinous insertion. The ventral head passes through the adductor magnus muscle belly. Semitendinosus ventral head (STv) Posterior dorsal border of the ischium Pectineus (PEC) Ventral border of the ischium Femur approximately mid-shaft proximo-distally Twisted muscle belly. Shares fleshy origin with, and inserts slightly proximal to, obturator externus. Obturator externus (OE) Ventral border of the ischium Femur approximately mid-shaft proximo-distally Shares fleshy origin with pectineus. Adductor magnus (AM) Ventral border of the ischium Femur distal shaft Large muscle with two sections, perforated by the ventral head of the semitendinosus. Wraps around the femur almost entirely enveloping the distal third of it. Quadratus femoris (QF) Ischium Proximal femur Interacts closely with gemellus to present as single mass. Obturator internus (OI) Entire pelvic rim Proximal femur Forms a fleshy ring around the hip joint. Gemellus (GE) Ischium Proximal femur Interacts closely with quadratus femoris to present as single mass. Plantaris longus (PL) Knee aponeurosis posteriorly Plantar aponeurosis via long tendon Large, pennate, biarticular muscle with a long tendon that merges with the plantar aponeurosis. Tibialis posticus (TiP) Posterior surface of tibiofibula Astralagus Distally tapered muscle belly with a tendinous insertion. Tibialis anticus longus head 1 (TiAL1) Knee aponeurosis laterally Lateral border of the proximal calcaneum Two distinct heads that are roughly equal in size, sharing a tendinous origin with separate tendinous insertions.